Food sonsumed away from home Essay

Food can be put into 2 categories, namely, home made food and away frome home food. Home- made foods are those whose ingredients are bought and processed and prepared at home for consumption. On the other hand, away from home foods are those that do not have to be prepared for, including those consumed from fast food outlets, public places, schools, restaurants, vending machines etc. Away from home foods are ready-to-eat and consumed, and the consumer has less control over portion size and nutritional content (Lin et. al, 1999). There are a lot of environmental influences that affect eating behaviours including the food prices, increased variety of snacks choices, increased variety of restaurant etc. Furthermore, people have busy lifestyles, both parent works in some families, so that the popularity of eating out is increasing due to the time limitations. The increased popularity of eating out was taken into concern about its impact on diet quality. Lot of research was carried out to investigate the nutrient differences between food consumed at home (home-made) and food consumed away from home. Evidence showed that higher consumption of foods prepared away from home may cause poorer quality of diet among adolescents and the portion sizes are usually larger and contain high energy density compared to food prepared at home. These unhealthy dietary properties has a higher likelihood of increasing body weight. In addition, foods ate away from home and fast foods are more likely to be fried, or contain more oil. In other words, this would increase the intake of saturated and partially hydrogenated fat, which is known to increase cardiovascular disease risk. Thompson et al(2004) found that adolescent girls in the UK had greater mean increase in BMI who consumed food purchased away from home twice a week compared with those who consumed food purchased away from home once a week or never. Studies also suggested that higher consumption of food prepared away from home lead to overweight and increased body fatness. (Taveras et al. 2005) Research from Adamson et al. (1996) said that food consumed away from home, school meals provided a higher density of fat and a lower nutrient density of protein, iron, Non- starch Polysaccharides than the intake from home. And food from shop/cafe/tuck shop and other homes had a slightly lower density of fat (9. 5g/MJ) compared to the intake from home (10. 5g/MJ), but the density intake of sugars is considerably higher than intake from home( 26g/MJ Non- milk extrinsic sugars and 9-13g/MJ respectively). Other nutrient density, including protein, Non- protein polysaccharides, iron, calcium, vitamin C and retinol equivalents were all lower than the home intake.

Analysis of Kate Chopin’s “The Storm” Essay

Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Storm,† generally revolves around the theme of adultery. This is depicted by the story’s two main characters, Calixta and Alcee, who became involved in a momentary affair with one another. In the story, Alcee, who is Calixta’s former lover, had to take refuge into her home because of a strong storm passing by. Upon doing so, the two rekindled their past affections, which are mainly sensual, for each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The theme of adultery was first depicted the moment Calixta let Alcee into her home. This was also the first instance that the author showed that she may still have hidden desires for Alcee. This was vividly illustrated when Calixta was â€Å"startled† (Chopin) by Alcee as if she was in a â€Å"trance† (Chopin). Although she was mainly concerned for her husband, Bobinà ´t, and her son, Bibi, who both decided to remain on a store until the storm had passed, she eventually gave in to Alcee when he hugged her and they subsequently had sex, which signifies that her feelings for him were still alive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, despite the fact that adultery was evidently the main theme of the story, the actions of Calixta and Alcee had no negative consequences or adverse affects. This was shown when the author depicted that the sexual activity of the two heightened just as the storm ravaged the surroundings. In short, like any other storm, the author implied that adultery was normal and natural. This was further supported by the last sentence in the story which was â€Å"So the storm passed and everyone was happy† (Chopin). In other words, the storm symbolized, in a way, the adulterous acts of Calixta and Alcee. But the difference is, their actions did not adversely affect any character in the story as everyone remained happy. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Storm.† About.com. 2008. 27 September 2008 .

Employee Relations HND 2013 Assignment 2 Essay

It is a very common thing in the workplace for people to not be satisfied, being it either the employer or the employee; this could be in regard to the needs, values and interests in general. It takes many forms in organizations and there is always an unavoidable clash between formal authority and the groups affected. The list of reasons are limitless but some are disputes over how revenue is divided, how work must be performed, how much time one is allocated to work, etc. A lot of disagreements among individuals, departments and between unions and managements result to jurisdictional matters. Why Does Conflict Occur? There are many reasons and some can be; Expectations, Different Knowledge, Fear, Poor Communication, Attachment, Incompatible Values, Stress, Past Trauma, Scarce Resources, Different Paradigms, Misunderstanding, Perceived Oppression and many more reasons. The types of conflicts are Substantive Conflicts (Technical Conflicts) and Emotional Conflicts (Interpersonal Conflicts) that can occur being it within two or more individuals, two or more groups or between individuals and groups as well. Conflicts between Individuals; Interpersonal Conflicts take place due to several factors, most commonly they are due to personal dislikes or personality differences. Taking into consideration differences of opinion between individuals regarding task related issues, it can be labeled as technical conflict rather than interpersonal conflict. However technical and interpersonal conflicts can influence each other due to role-related stress. Conflicts between Individuals and Groups; These sorts of intra-group conflicts mainly arise due to an individual’s incapability to follow group rules and regulations. An example would be when groups have an idea of a ‘Fair day’s work’ and may pressurize an individual or punish him/her in regard to the rules of the groups productivity he/she could result with conflict towards the group and other individuals. There are various levels of conflicts that are classified like this: Intrapersonal Conflicts that involve: Pressures from incompatible goals Approach-Approach Conflict Avoidance –Avoidance Conflict Approach – Avoidance Conflict Interpersonal Conflicts: Occurs between two or more individuals who are against each other. Intergroup Conflicts: Occurs amongst members of different groups or teams. Interorganizational Conflicts: Occurs due to competition and rivalry of firms operating in the same markets. Occurs between Organizations and Unions employing their members. Occurs between government monitoring organizations and organizations regarding their scrutiny. Occurs between Organizations and Companies who supply raw materials. Functional/Constructive Conflicts: This results in positive attributes to an individual, a company or groups. The likely effects are: Important problems are revealed so they can be discussed. Causes an important discussion and evaluation of decisions. Causes re-considerable decisions. Increases the amount of information available for making decisions. Permits room for creativity Dysfunctional/Destructive Conflicts: These result in negative attributes and are a downside to individuals, a company or groups. The likely effects are: It diverts energy into negative things. Destroys the unity of groups. Encourages interpersonal conflicts. Overall it destroys the environment for employees. Culture and Conflict: There is usually a chance for conflict to be high when: People from short-term cultures are working with people from long-term cultures. People from individualistic cultures work with people from collectivist cultures. People from high-power distance cultures work with people from low-power distance cultures. Resolving Conflict: Some people believe the best way to resolve conflict is to ignore it or to vote which only suppresses the true problem without confronting and resolving it. These are some of the ways to resolve conflict effectively; Discuss or Debate, open communication, learn to compromise or reach an agreement, However the way organizations manage conflicts as of today are quite different and yet effective. They use conflict resolution, this is used: In a situation that the original reasons for a given destructive conflict are eradicated. Effective conflict resolution begins with an analysis of the stage where the conflict has reached and understanding the reason behind the conflict. Stages Of Conflict: Conflict History, Prioritize the circumstances for conflict. Conflict Precursors, Note down the circumstances for conflict. Perceived Conflict, Functional or emotional variations are identified. Felt Conflict, Stress generates incentive to act. Manifest Conflict, Resolving the Conflict. Conflict Outcome. Question 2: I will be using a conflict issue that was found at Radiant Montessori Nursery, Abu Dhabi during the year 2011. (http://www.rmn4me.com/) During the time since the nursery had been set up there were a lot of disputes over finding drivers who would be safe, efficient and loyal, The owners had various disputes regarding finding suitable drivers and from where they would find them. One owner suggested a driver who apparently was a relation of his friend. This conflict of interest led to many problems and disputes within the company and was eventually solved but even doing so it tarnished the owner’s reputation and business. The driver appeared to be a very trustworthy and loyal person and was always on his best behavior whenever the owners were around, later on they started receiving various speeding tickets on the Montessori van, it was found to be at 3-4a.m, no nursery is open at these times and it was later proven that the driver had been running his own routes along the city after office hours, when confronted he started absconding and was not being reasonable or trying to negotiate with the owners, he was in direct violation of his job permit and as well as his visa, Even then he was given chances because of the conflict of interest in him by the owner , therefore later on he was jailed by the police for misusing school property and the owner was charged a heavy fine. The manner in which the conflict was resolved was not a good manner and if the owners had sought to other measures and planned everything properly it wouldn’t have reached this stage. Question 3: Judging by the case study shown, the stage of which the case is by the time it reaches negotiation stage it is less likely to be solved, the positions are most likely fixed as to who is what and the relationship is not redeemable after all the disciplinary action and demands from each other. Petunia might think that she is the successor over the issue but judging from the company’s point of view it was a loss, not just by losing Lerato, by the costs put in for the hearings, the time allocated for the case and the witnesses brought forward, the influence of productivity and morale and the further cost of getting a new employee. If only there was someone who was able to explain to lerato regarding the situation when she refused to take the job or before that it would have been a positive conflict. The arbitrator would have provided Lerato with a confidential means and method by which Lerato and Petunia could have both discussed their interpersonal conflict and come out with a negotiation regarding the outcome. These are the stages: Petunia is a senior manager and Lerato a manager reporting indirectly to her which is a reason for Petunia to feel superior t Lerato. The initial case of conflict was when Lerato perceived that Petunia was the one responsible behind her moving to a different office. (Perceived Conflict) This caused her to rethink and analyze that it was because Petunia had accused her of insubordination. (Conflict Antecedents) Lerato starts lobbying against Petunia.(Felt Conflict) Lerato subject to disciplinary measures and dismissed.(Manifest Conflict) The believed reason behind the conflict from Lerato’s side was Power or value asymmetries. Procedures that went by: It started out by perceived pressures then moved on to an approach-approach conflict and then to an approach-avoidance conflict the avoidance did not allow for negotiation or understanding which resulted in the firing of lerato. The dysfunctionality of this conflict is seen by the way it was resolved, My view of the case study is that the way it went along was not right and this is not the way to solve a conflict, In my opinion lerato should not have perceived and acted stubborn she should have asked for guidance or confronted Petunia directly and found out if it was her who had gotten her changed from department to department. Secondly even if this was the case she should have come to an understanding with Petunia regarding the situation and tried to resolve it in a more diplomatic way, not by being stubborn and accusing blindly as Petunia is her senior. Thirdly, the department should have been involved about the case and should have taken immediate action and seen to it that both of them came to an understanding regarding what had happened and not let it escalate to such a high level. Lerato should have addressed the board and seen to it that a proper evaluation of her work and skills be made in regard to her transfer and whether or not it was truly needed. The way things were going impacted the company and the work environment of other employees as well. The way in which Petunia did it was right where she addressed the Human Resources Department and asked them to take action against lerato. All of this could have been prevented if there was proper conflict recognition and conflict resolving matters that could have been done. References: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/four-types-conflict-organizations-174.html http://www.uni-muenster.de/Politikwissenschaft/Doppeldiplom/docs/Organizational.pdf http://smallbusiness.chron.com/ways-managing-conflict-organizations-2655.html

Clinical Practices Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Clinical Practices Paper - Essay Example It should not be misconstrued that one type of learning must be followed to help every student learn. Central to learning styles for any student is to find those models of teaching that work most effectively for the individuals learning style so that they become more instantly ready to understand the coursework and do well on a test. The research shows that there are many methods currently being used. There are several basic ways that a student must learn different types of material. As an example, some pieces of knowledge must be memorized. This would include lists of facts or aspects of the human body and body systems that are important to know when you are working with patients. Azzarello (2007) points out that there are three stages of knowledge that students must develop. In the first stage, the declarative stage of learning, students find these lists and common knowledge important. They must not only learn the material, but be able to apply the knowledge to their clinical studies. In stage two, called the procedural stage, students must take the knowledge they have and apply it to situations that may not have come up in other settings. With this knowledge, they must use critical thinking and problem solving to add to the knowledge they have about the situation. In the last stage, which the author calls structural knowledge, a student must understand how procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge relate to one another. This basically means that students will need to understand an organized way of bringing the knowledge together (Azzarello, p. 3). The author suggests that in order to understand what students are learning structurally that Pathfinder scaling techniques can be used. A study was conducted to see whether this was feasible and found that it was one way that students could be evaluated. This is a stronger way to evaluate than concept mapping and most students in the study thought some of the work was

Macro & Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro & Micro economics - Essay Example The micro and the macro environmental factors influence the market and the marketing decisions. The product of a company considers the differentiation strategies so that the product is accepted by the consumers. Thus, for influencing the market the marketing decisions on the product is important. The price of the product also influences the response of the market towards purchase of the product. This influences the marketing decision for fixing a competitive price. Similarly place and promotion for launch and sell of the product influences the market. The decision on the distribution system of the products enables a smoother access of the products by the consumers. The decision on promotional strategies on the basis of the target customer segment influences the behaviour of the market. Similar to the micro environmental factors, the macro environmental factors like the political scenario influences the operations of the market. Thus marketing decisions should take into consideration the uncertainties of the political factors. Similarly, the other macro environmental factors like the culture of the society, surge in economic conditions, legal constraints influence the market investments. These factors are not under the direct control of the market and hence, the marketing decisions are influenced by the uncertainties associated with the market performance. Segmentation variables to define a market segment The various segmentation variables that need to be considered to define a target market segment are the sizes of the market segments, growth rate of the market segment, suitability of the market segment with respect to the product of the company, access of the market segment by the company and the purchasing power of the market segment. The various market segments are identified based on various features like the demographics, psychographic and the geographic factors. The target size of the market segment is identified based on the suitability of the market seg ment with respect to the product. The growth rate of the market segment is then determined to estimate whether its matches the required growth rate and the future prospects. After determining the suitability of the market segment, the potential access to the market segment is determined by the firm. Finally the purchasing power of the market segment is analyzed to determine whether it matches the price of the product. By considering all these segmentation variables, the target market segment is defined that matches the requirement of the company with respect to the desired features. Different types of pricing strategy The various ways of maximization of profits of the business lies at the cutting of costs, increase in sales and increasing the profits. In a situation where costs are reduced to the limit and it’s difficult to increase the sales of the company, the pricing strategies are adopted in such a scenario. The different pricing strategies are namely, cost plus pricing, market-oriented pricing and penetration pricing. The cost plus pricing method takes into consideration the basic cost of production and then adds a certain percentage to the basic cost to determine the sale price of the pro

3.Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector Essay - 1

3.Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector matrix gives a better strategic understanding of product markets than the concepts of product or commodity chains - Essay Example Some have limiting capabilities while one or two may be considered appropriate for a specific industry. Such is the case of sector matrix framework. It is perceived that this analysis tool gives a better strategic understanding of product market than global commodity chain, and value chain (Haslam, Neale & Johal, 2000). The aim of this essay is to critically analyze whether sector matrix framework is better in strategic understanding of product markets than the concept of commodity chains. Sector matrix has been proved to be most appropriate for analysis of markets especially considering demand and supply. It incorporates ideas from both commodity chain, and Porter’s value chain. Sector matrix is a framework with the capability of working with far much complex products and processes, unlike commodity chains and value chains. For strategic reasons, it is important to know the market demand of a product. Information about demand guides production considering consumer tastes, level of demand, and so on. Different industries and firms have different operations, production systems, and different sectors involved for the final product to be out in the market. These differences determine the level of complexity in a product market, hence the type of analysis tool to understand it better (Haslam, Neale & Johal, 2000). This essay shows why value chain and commodity chain frameworks, cannot be used in a complex industry like the automobile industry, and provide valid rea sons for sector matrix preference instead. The automobile industry is characterised by complex distribution channels, complex products, and high commodity price (Haaslam, Neale & Johal, 2000). This framework is established on the idea that every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to produce, design, deliver, market, and support its products. Within this chain of activities, each firm has to have a successful generic strategy which it

To what extent is the work of philosophers such as Popper, Kuhn, Essay

To what extent is the work of philosophers such as Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend useful in forming a critical judgement o - Essay Example This is expected to happen due to the circumstances when the principles that were initially used to form the foundations of economics were built, and that many changes have already happened during the course of modernisation in the next two hundred years or so (Smelser & Swedberg, 2010). Also, the major rearrangement of economic ideas in the late 1930’s which was considered to be a â€Å"revolution† was not at all one in its entirety, and that it was only due to the proliferation of numerous competing schools of thought that eventually created the need to cull and select only those which are easily synthesized and revamped and can be used into the succeeding years, essentially recycling some ideas to suit the needs of modernity (Laidler, 1999). This kind of treatment to the field of economics created some unforeseen problems such as the difficulty of handling the rapidly-changing market trends, shifts and fluctuations between expected and actual economic growth, and the mismanagement of policies that were supposed to control fast price inflations, among others (England, 2000). The previously predictable thought patterns of most people have been replaced by the notion that due to the vast influx of ideas, various people might be thinking of different things and interests at any given time, which in turn counts for a greater variability in terms of anything that is beyond the basic necessities of everyday life (Roberts, Finnegan, & Gallie, 1985). As a result, market analyses today are much harder to handle not only due to the failure of the traditional rational choices that were initially able to predict consumer patterns, but also the changes that happen in the market trends that do not seem to repeat itself even after several decades (Smelser & Swedberg, 2010). These kinds of unpredictable results rose from the idea that economics can be treated in the same way as how most sciences are handled, and as a result forced economists to think like scien tists in a field that is more often than not as predictable as simple scientific inquiry, which in turn entails the need to change the way how economics must be tackled in the modern era (Keita, 1992). Many thinkers and philosophers were able to introduce new methods of thinking, as well as stating their own ideas and criticisms with regards to the validity and credibility of most scientific inquiry methods. However, some techniques of teaching and studying economics may not coincide with the scientific method, such as from deductive to inductive reasoning or the inverse of it, and problems could definitely arise if a field that mostly uses deductive reasoning such as economics is being dealt with in an inductive way, and this would not make any sense of the results, thus the standards of reliability become endlessly challenged, bringing about even more unexpected results (Blaug, 1980; Pheby, 1988). For example, if market trends were looked at in the same way as how the scientific m ethods work, then it is expected that consumers are highly predictable in terms of what they would prefer to do with their money, and even after ten years of observation things would still remain the same. While in the early days of the industrial revolution it may seem as though it is indeed easy to predict as to what items would be sellable within the season since there are only a few mass-produced items that the population could buy, nowadays due to various trends that seemingly change from a day to a month, this kind

Should be banned or not smoking in the sociery Essay

Should be banned or not smoking in the sociery - Essay Example Some of these arguments are seen to include. Why Smoking should not be banned in Society Proponents of smoking point out that most societies accept that adults can be able to decide to cause some form of harm to their individual selves as long as such harm is not seen to extend to other individuals. As such, the imposition of smoking bans in public places is not essentially valid as passive smokers who do not wish to involuntarily inhale tobacco smoke should naturally avoid going to places where smoking has been allowed. Proponents of smoking point out that as a result of its being legal for individuals to be allowed to smoke, it is essentially not within the rights of governments to try and cause people to desist from smoking. Smokers are not a liability to anyone as they are able to find their own healthcare via the relatively high taxes that they happen to pay on tobacco and in any case, any efforts by the government to try and dissuade smokers from smoking would be extremely diff icult as heavy smokers are normally seen to be addicted to nicotine and cannot be able to give up on smoking easily. It is also pointed out that any attempts to ban smoking in public spaces would have the involuntary effect of driving most clubs, bars and pubs out of business as smokers would avoid going to such places. These businesses would also be seen to run the risk of generating less revenue by any bans on tobacco sales (Whittingdale 130). In most places, pubs are seen to be social communal centers that aid in bringing the members of a given community together and in addition to this function, they also provide ample job opportunities for individuals that might happen to be having relatively few job skills. As opposed to attempting to place a ban on smoking, pubs should be encouraged to set up non-smoking bars to cater for the needs of the non-smoking patrons. There is a relatively large number of non-smokers who are seen to be working in smoky environments and do not seem to mind it. Most individuals are of the view that it is better for them to be working in the smoky job environment as opposed to the unenviable option of not having any job at all. In the event that an organization happens to employ a large number of non-smokers, it is possible for the company to invest in the installation of ventilation fans to help in removing the smoke from the office. Why Smoking should be banned in Society Scientists have been able to show that smoking is fraught with a number of dangers as it can lead to cancer, heart disease and stroke. According to Hong, the use of tobacco is largely considered to be the single largest cause of cases of preventable cancer deaths across the world. Cigarette smoking is estimated to account for an approximated over 1 million cancer deaths in the world each year, with a staggering ninety percent of lung cancer incidents and mortality cases being attributed to smoking (386). In addition to this menace, smoking has been shown to not only harm the smokers, but also any people who might happen to be near the smoking individual in what is commonly referred to as passive smoking. Although the smoker makes the active decision to engage in smoking, the people around the smoker essentially do not make the decision to smoke in a passive manner and as such, a complete ban on smoking in society should be effected so as to effectively protect such individuals. The enforcement of a ban on smoking would serve to encourage smokers

Master Delivery Schedule (Event Management) Case Study

Master Delivery Schedule (Event Management) - Case Study Example The River festival is held every year at several locations. This event is run in both forms, be it free of cost or trade fare events. These kinds of festivals are necessary for society so that people can interact with each other and are given a platform to turn the life into joy and fun. In today’s times every individual is tied up in their busy schedules and is busy neck deep in trying to make ends meet. Therefore, they do not find time to interact with each other and celebrate the life. Thus, these kinds of festivals are medium to connect people and give them a chance to get off their busy lifestyles and enjoy life. It is significant to note that people only want to go in festivals or celebrations that give them adequate amount of entertainment and leisure, which is only possible through good event management. The specialty of this river festival is that it provides high quality services and entertainment to visitors and that’s the reason it has gained immense popular ity over the years. Another reason for the increasing popularity of this river festival is its association with Brisbane festival. Brisbane is also a big series of events, which is now merged with the River festival. Reason behind the merger is to give it the potential to be the best festival in the whole of Australia. A large globally renowned Australian production company is also associated with this festival render its quality support. Thus, best event management services are planned to make the even a huge success. Various cultural programs, music shows, visual arts etc. are included in this festival to make it more interesting so that largest crowd can be attracted to the event (Maidstone river festival 2010). Identification and roles of key operations stakeholders: Key operations stakeholders are significant entities in any master delivery schedule and the recognition of these key operations stakeholders is of prime importance. In Riverfestival, operations stakeholders play an important part and the success of this large scale event will be dependent on the same. Good operations stakeholders are identified by observing the activities being performed by various parties in Riverfestival. However, operations stakeholders claim their roles and perform the allocated tasks in the Riverfestival, if they perform good activities, then management of festival would not be a problem (Phillips and Stawarski 2008). Stakeholders of Riverfestival have various functions. These stakeholders include transportation agencies, law enforcement agencies, public safety agencies, event organizers, elected official etc. The public safety agencies include fire and EMS. Emergency services and other concerned services for good event management in Riverfestival are only possible by proper coordination of all the stakeholders involved. Thus, it is obvious that stakeholders play a significant role in the success of Riverfestival. Implementation of various programs in an appropriate mann er is also important. All programs are executed with the help of proper involvement of stakeholders (Global expertise in meeting and event management). Outline of traffic management planning and operations: Traffic management planning and operations is also an important criterion for the success of Riverfestival. Traffic management planning includes good traffic control services required in a festival

Coping With Nonmarital Breakups Chapter Outline Coursework

Coping With Nonmarital Breakups Chapter Outline - Coursework Example This means that studying nonmarital breakups is confirming whether there ever was a nonmarital relationship - a two sided one- in the first place! C. The value of accounts The person's oral or written narratives explaining their experiences or actions describing characters and events and inferring the meaning and motives in the course of retelling and reviewing the love stories. V. Personal-good reasons to study breakups Knowing about relationships can improve your specific experiences. For instance, breakups do have lessons and influence future expectations and plans to choose to act differently next time. VI. The breakup process This confirms the various steps and process that people undergo when relationships lead to breakups. A. Intimacy: A cost-benefit analysis Social creatures are faced with two risks, rejection and betrayal, when pursuing intimacy. Rejection can occur when the hope-for relationship never develops, cut short, or fails when the other expresses dissatisfaction. Betrayal is insidious, a threat that emerges only if intimacy succeeds-for a time. The other, having the advantage of special information, having gained our trust, turns around and turns on us, revealing our vulnerabilities, badmouthing us, teasing us. Why then do we willingly hand that very risky unknown our phone number Why do we have to take heart breaker one more time 1. The need to belong As social creature, we need each other, our presence, and the possibility of closeness. Relationships confer unique benefits on individuals. B. Phases and stages of breakup: Weiss's study of marital separation 1. Obsessive review This involves mental search for explanations, driven to some extents, "If only" and regrets. For the leaver and the leave, the end... Social creatures are faced with two risks, rejection and betrayal, when pursuing intimacy. Rejection can occur when the hope-for relationship never develops, cut short, or fails when the other expresses dissatisfaction. Betrayal is insidious, a threat that emerges only if intimacy succeeds-for a time. The other, having the advantage of special information, having gained our trust, turns around and turns on us, revealing our vulnerabilities, badmouthing us, teasing us. Why then do we willingly hand that very risky unknown our phone number Why do we have to take heart breaker one more time This involves mental search for explanations, driven to some extents, "If only" and regrets. For the leaver and the leave, the end of a relationship is traumatic and triggers a self protective review of reasons and signs which could prevent future losses. There are two types of loneliness, emotional loneliness and social loneliness. The emotional loneliness refers to the isolation, focused on missing one's intimate partner and losing the unique comforts of that relationship. Social loneliness is disorientation and excommunication one feels when one has lost one's place and marital status. Aft

Investigating Special Education Essay Example for Free

Investigating Special Education Essay The DSP is committed to making sure all students with disabilities have equal education. The DSP offers a variety of services for disabled children. They have a Disability Specialist that identifies the disabled student’s personal needs. 2. National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability (NCWD) http://ncwd-youth. info Is a source for information about work and youth’s with disabilities. They are experts in employment, education, disabilities and the development of workforce and family issues. 3. OSERS-Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services www. 2ed. gov/about/offices/list/osers/nidrr/index. htm This is a main federal agency that supports training, applied research and development to improve the lives of people with disabilities. They are known for generating new knowledge and promoting and improving the disabled person’s ability to perform normal everyday task of their choice in a community setting. 4. Team (START) Special Needs Technology Assessment Resource Support Nsnet. org/start/learning. pdf There is a lot of technology available today where students can learn to cope with their learning disabilities to use technology, programming team, the teacher should understand the nature of the different learning by diagnosis and assessments. This only works if the technology matches the student’s needs. (Annapolis Valley Regional School Board 1996) 5. The National Education Association (NEA) www. nea. org/specialed The National Education Association supports a free, appropriate public education for all students with disabilities in a least restrictive environment, which is determined by maximum teacher and parent/guardian involvement. There must also be a full continuum of placement options, services, and delivery models available to students with disabilities. (National Education Association, 2002-2013). 6. Special Needs Center www. friendshipcircle. org/ This is a nonprofit organization that put teens and special needs people together to help them form a bond of friendship and they participate in many different weekly and seasonal programs. There are 25 weekly and seasonal programs. 7. Special Education Support Services (SESS) www. projectgenesis. us/. SESS is approved by the Connecticut Department of Education Transition Program for students with intellectual disabilities. The program includes job explorations, daily living skills assessment instruction, accessing community resources, social interactions and application of functional academics like budgeting the community and vocational assessments most students receive support in behavioral or social areas that have hindered them from growing and learning in the past (Justin Fox, Mentor) 8. National Center for Learning Disabilities www. ncld. org Your child has the right to a free and appropriate public school education. Getting involved in his or her education is among the most important things you can do as your childs advocate. As youll see below, you have a right to be a part of every decision regarding your childs education, including the process of finding out if your child needs special services. You know your child best, and your input should be considered at every opportunity. (NCLD Editorial Team) 9. Michigan Law Center www. lawfirmdetroitmichigan. com/ They are dedicated to providing effective comprehensive plans for families with children with special needs. They handle medical issues, financial issues, and social issues. They also help families find the resources they need. 10. The M. O. R. G. A. N Project www. themorganproject. org/ The M. O. R. G. A. N Project is a community based organization of volunteers who promotes awareness and facilitates support for parents with special needs children. They also enhance the Quality of Life for these families (Robert and Kristen Malfara, 2013) 11. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry www. aacap. org/ They state that children with special needs are entitled to receive additional services or accommodations throughout their years in public schools. Every child deserves a free appropriate education in a least restrictive environment available. Three Federal Laws apply especially to special needs children. 12. SOS Children’s Village, their motto is a loving home for every child. www. sos-usa. org/ As the most universally ratified human rights instrument, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, spells out those basic human rights that all children everywhere are entitled to. Its underlying values, or guiding principles, serve as a constant reference for the interpretation and implementation of childrens rights. (SOS) 13. Stand-Up (Stand University for Parents) stand. org/national/action/stand-up This is a research based family engagement course for parents with children in elementary school. They focus on actionable steps for parents to learn how to get involved in their child’s education and they make sure the child is ready for college if they choose to go. 14. Special Education News www. specialednews. com/ This site says that remedial instruction is aimed at improving an ability or skill in each student with special needs. They use many different techniques, for example, repeating information, more practice session, explain several times and devoting time o work on the student’s skills. The teacher leads them through the process. 15. Mission Valley Special Education Local Plan (SELPA) www. fremont. k. 12ca. us/Page/302 The Mission Valley Community Advisory Committee (CAC) brings together parents and professionals to promote the education of children with special needs. The CAC sponsors events to support awareness of parent’s rights, services available within the Tri-City community, and increase disability awareness. (Judith Cameron, Director, Special Services Mission Valley, SELPA) References: Disabled Students Program dsp. berkeley. edu/ National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability (NCWD) http://ncwd-youth. info OSERS-Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services www. 2ed. gov/about/offices/list/osers/nidrr/index. htm Team (START) Special Needs Technology Assessment Resource Support Nsnet. org/start/learning. pdf National Education Association (NEA) www. nea. org/specialed Special Needs Center www. friendshipcircle. org/ Special Education Support Services (SESS). www. projectgenesis. us/ National Center for Learning Disabilities www. ncld. org Michigan Law Center www. lawfirmdetroitmichigan. com/ The M. O. R. G. A. N Project www. themorganproject. org/ American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry www. aacap. org/ SOS Children’s Village, their motto is a loving home for every child. www. sos-usa. org/ Stand-Up (Stand University for Parents) stand. org/national/action/stand-up Special Education News www. specialednews. com/ Mission Valley Special Education Local Plan (SELPA) www. fremont. k. 12ca. us/Page/302.

Early Childhood Trauma Lives on in Adulthood Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood Trauma Lives on in Adulthood Essay Abused children eventually become problem adults who are a burden to society. Recent studies reveal the significance of parenting in the cross-generational transmission of aggressive or problem behavior up to three continuous generations. Stable evidence has long recognized and documented the negative effects of aggressive or harsh and inconsistent parenting and identified the need for interventions that would foster better parenting skills. These new findings provide the direct link between the incidence of child abuse and the emergence of problem behavior later in life. Child abuse may be physical, emotional, sexual or through neglect. Child Protective agencies received and investigated three million reports of maltreatment of close to four million children in 1999, 54% of which were due to neglect. But because most of the victims were too young and too afraid to speak out, these agencies believed that the actual incidence was greater than reported. While it occurred in all social, ethnic and income groups, child abuse was most common among poor, under-educated and dysfunctional families and committed mostly by parents themselves who were young, unmarried or separated, lonely and coping with life’s stresses but not criminal or psychotic. Un-addressed incidence of child abuse increases the risk of criminality, academic failure and failed social relationships in later life. Present literature presents conclusive findings that parent-toddler relationship directly affects the toddler’s problem behavior, with deviant or aggressive maternal behavioral attitudes crossing and spanning three continuous generations from grandmother to the child . A study offers significant evidence that angry, aggressive parenting strongly influences the development of aggressive behavior in adolescence through social learning and often results in unsatisfactory romantic and marital relationships and conditions. Findings also show that financial distress and improper parenting produce problem behavior n children and that poor or injurious maternal attitudes lead to it. Antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults is also seen as the consequence of birth complications and certain biological factors when combined with a negative home atmosphere. Family relationships strongly affect a child’s self-esteem and the impact often remains through life. Collusion among siblings also contributed to the development of faulty behavior in children who were abused at home. Boys were more affected by peer rejection and girls, by low academic performance Abused preschoolers often came from low-income families and exhibited at least one antisocial behavior each day in class. Most of these children were African-American who suffered from guilt and self-blame but most mothers of both problem and non-problem children viewed their children in similar ways . Popular myths conduce to wrong beliefs and must be guided by scientific knowledge. And despite much knowledge and effort, there remains the need for consistent and thorough mechanisms that will confront the issue and arrest the causes or conditions in preschool age right at the family and in the community. Subjects and participants in the studies included parents of children with problem behavior, adolescent parents, grandmothers of problem children, other family members with a target child at high risk for sibling collusion, mothers of non-problem children, respondents to 39 studies of biosocial interactions, demographic sub-groups (such as African-Americans) and normative samples of preschoolers exhibiting antisocial behavior. Child mistreatment or abuse can be physical, emotional, sexual or in the form of neglect. Neglect was the most common type and the perpetrators were mostly parents who themselves were abused as children. Irritable and aggressive parenting led children to grow up into unstable, under-controlled adolescents and adults with troubled relationships, families and parenting in later life. This type of parenting passed from the first to the third generations through the behaviors of the children who learned and engendered them mainly from their mothers’ own behaviors. This antisocial behavior that began from home increased the risk of criminality, academic failure and social relationship problems. Financial stress had a strong impact on parenting quality that transmitted antisocial behavior from generation to generation Four studies directly showed and reinforced earlier findings of this intergeneration transmission, demonstrated by preschoolers at least once daily in class. These preschoolers came mostly from low-income families, most boys influenced by peer rejection and most girls, by low academic performance. Sibling collusion and biosocial factors aggravated and reinforced the formation of antisocial behavior from children who were abused. Mistreated African-American children experienced more guilt and self-blame than Caucasian children. Common beliefs about children’s misbehavior also clashed with scientific knowledge. All conditions pointed to the need for adequate mechanisms of early intervention that would consistently and thoroughly address the problem or question at the crucial preschool age of children . Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional mistreatment or neglect of a child. About half of all cases of child abuse involve neglect, committed most often by the child’s own parents, other family members and caretakers, such as teachers, babysitters, other children or even strangers. Once viewed as a minor social problem, child abuse caught closer notice from the media, law enforcers and professionals and, since then, figures began to go up. But authorities claimed that actual figures could only be higher than these, because abuses on children were more often hidden and the victims were too young and too afraid to report the crime. Child protective agencies investigated three million reports on the mistreatment of nearly four million children in 1999 and found that 54% of these were cases of neglect. They also discovered that a child was often a victim of more than one form of abuse, that it occurred more in low-income than high-income families with little education, among young mothers, single-parent families and in families where the parents were alcohol or drug-dependent. Investigations revealed that 90% of these parents, however, were neither criminal nor mentally unstable, but were lonely, young, single parents with unwanted pregnancies. Some or many of them were themselves abused as children, but statistics show that most abused children did not grow up to become abusive parents. Behavioral experts pointed to the lack of parenting skills, unrealistic expectations of children’s behavior and capabilities, social isolation and family conflicts as additional factors that contribute to child abuse, which they perceived as the parents’ coping response to their situation. The agencies’ 1999 investigations showed that 75% of perpetrators were the parents themselves and those involved in the care of these children. Physical abuse is the deliberate bodily injury on a child, most often a male (Black 2004). Earlier studies showed that 24% of all confirmed cases of child abuse were physical. The abuse is sexual if the child has not yet attained the age of legal consent and the abuse is performed for the sexual gratification of the abuser. The act may include sexual touching, intercourse, exposure of sexual organs or viewing pornography. In many sexual child abuse cases, the abuser was not a stranger or related to the child and one in five was under the age of legal consent himself or herself (Black). Reports also said that 20-25% of the cases were female and 10-15% were male who were sexually violated by age 18 (Black). Emotional abuse, on the other hand, consists of acts of rejection, ignoring, criticizing, isolation, or terrorizing of a child, which results in his or her loss of self-esteem. These are verbal assaults, which reject, belittle or use a child as a â€Å"scapegoat. † Emotional abuse is the least reported because it often accompanies the other types and the hardest to prove And neglect is the failure to provide for the child’s basic needs, whether physical, emotional or the lack of sustenance. Neglect accounted for 52% of all investigated reports of child abuse in 1996. Abusive parents physically afflict their child when they lose control even for normal actions like crying or a change in diapers. Non-abusive parents may at times get angry or upset, but remain genuinely loving, in contrast with abusive parents who harbor deep-seated hostility towards the child. Physical abuse can be suspected with the common signs, such as burns, bruises, bone or skull fractures. Death from physical abuse, such as the shaken baby syndrome, was among the leading causes for children less than a year old. Studies revealed that physical abuse changed children’s behavior in many ways. Psychological experts maintained that sexual abuse constituted sexual arousal in a child and the child’s willingness to act on it, conditioned by alcohol, drugs or the misconception that there was nothing wrong about the act. There were greater chances of sexual abuse if the child was developmentally disabled or vulnerable some way. This type of abuse was often discovered when genital or anal injuries or abnormalities, including the presence of sexually transmitted disease, were noticed in a child. Behavioral signs included anxiety, poor school performance, suicidal tendencies or attempts, excessive masturbation and an unusually sexualized behavior often gave sexual abuse away. Emotional abuse was often detected with the loss of self-esteem, sleep disturbance, headache or stomach ache, school absenteeism and leaving home. Neglect develops from a parent’s negative feeling towards a child or the parent may truly care but is unable to provide for the child’s needs because of the parent’s depression, drug dependence, mental handicap or other problems. Findings said that neglected children did not receive sufficient nourishment or emotional and mental stimulation and this lack hampered their normal physical, social, emotional and mental development. Underweight, delayed language skills and emotional instability were among the consequences. Doctors, social workers, other professionals, child welfare agencies and the police conducted physical and psychological examinations and interviews of abused children. Reporting to the authorities, treating the child’s injuries and protecting him or her from further harm were primary measures in child abuse cases. These authorities could then evaluate if moving the child to another willing and qualified relative or a foster family would be in the best interests of the child, whether long or short-term Further investigation could reveal that the child’s siblings were abuse victims themselves, as reports found that about 20% of siblings were child abuse victims themselves. These children wre observed to perform poorly in school, develop antisocial personality or behavior, or turn to drugs or alcohol, try suicide or become emotionally unstable in adulthood. Parents’ mistreatment or abuse of their own children leads these children to form antisocial or problem behavior as adolescents and as adults. Previous and recent studies presented substantial evidence that angry, abusive and aggressive parental behavior spill over to these children up to three generations through social learning. These behaviors, therefore, directly influence the different social behaviors and relationships of their children in adolescence and adulthood. Parents’ anger, hostility or emotional support essentially determines if a child will be a supportive or rejecting adolescent. Hostility towards parents and an adolescent conclusively predicts problematic romantic and family relationships later in his or her life. These latter studies also demonstrated that parenting in the first generation directly affected the bond between parents and child, one of the most important human bonds in life. This study offered evidence of intergenerational continuity wherein aggression in youth is often followed by aggressive parenting. That kind of parenting, in turn, appears to contribution to aggression in children. This particular study expounded on the utter significance of parenting in the intergenerational transmission of antisocial or problem behavior. It also explained how normative approval of aggression, aggressive fantasies and verbal aggression maintain aggressive behavior through time. Still another study focused on the transmission of problem behavior from parents to toddlers, its appearance in preschool and how it affects academic performance. It found that the characteristics of parent-child relationships tended to continue or replicate themselves across generations. It showed that a grandmother or mother who was cold or dissatisfied exercised inappropriate control, which was characterized by conflict. This behavior model was copied by adolescent children who repeated it towards their own. The study added that the kind of behavior the grandmother towards the parent increased the probability of impulsiveness, rebelliousness, irresponsibility and other psychological problems in adolescent and the eventual parent-child relationship. This last study likewise explained how hostile maternal behaviors go through a cycle of intergenerational continuity. It suggested that aspects of parent-child relationships passed from generation to generation. They, thus, served as direct models of behavior and indirectly influenced the development of personality traits, which characterized the relationship. Parent-child relationship was an important mediator between the parents’ characteristics and those of the child. The study suggested that reducing the risk of transmission in the first two generations would reduce the risk between the next two. The search for the connection between early childhood trauma or child abuse and the development of problem behavior later in life brought to light significant evidence of social and biological processes, which appeared to predispose children to antisocial behavior. This included of birth complications, a negative home environment of violence, hormones, neurotransmitters, toxins and drugs as having an impact on the development of problem behavior when the home environment or relationship reinforced their biologic effect. Still another study examined the level of intergenerational transmission and how financial distress and the parenting style affected the transmission. From interrogations and observations, it found that antisocial behavior of both parents had similar impact on their children and that parents who were more consistent and warm had lower development levels of antisocial behavior in their children. Fathers’ antisocial behaviors and mothers’ parenting had the strongest effects on children’s latter development of problem behavior and improper parenting style. Parallel studies discovered that preschoolers from economically disadvantaged families had a higher risk of developing antisocial behavior. The studies on preschool respondents said that 30% of those with misbehavior belonged to lower economic classes as compared to only 3% to 6% in higher economic classes. The preschoolers from lower economic classes also tended to develop lower or slower language ability levels and poorer social skills. They also developed bad temper and temperament, which would become worse when their families confronted financial stressors and limited resources. # BIBLIOGRAPHY Black, B. (2004). Child abuse. 4 pages. Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Thomas Gale Brook, J. S. , Whiteman, M. , Zheng, L. (2002). Intergenerational transmission of risks for problem behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: Plenum Publishing Corporation Conger, R. D. , Neppi, T. , Kim, K. J. and Scaramilla, L. (2003). 20 pages. Angry and aggressive behavior across three generations: a prospective longitudinal study of parents and children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Plenum Publishing Corporation Dubow, E. F. (2003). Theoretical and methodical considerations in cross- generational research on parenting and child aggressive behavior. 10 pages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Plenum Publishing Corporation. Fiorello, C. A. (2001). Common myths of children’s behavior. 4 pages. Skeptical Inquirer: Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal Fox, L. (2002). Early intervention, positive behavior support, and transition to school. 31 pages. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Pro-Ed, Inc. Lewin, L, Davis, B. and Hops, H. (999). Childhood social predictors of adolescent antisocial behavior: gender differences in predictive accuracy and efficacy. 20 pages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Plenum Publishing Corporation. Qi, C. H and Kaiser, A. (2003). Behavior problems of preschool children from low-income families. 82 pages. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education: Pro-Ed, Inc Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults. 20 pages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: Plenum Publishing Corpora

Singapore Airlines Business And Management Strategies Tourism Essay

Singapore Airlines Business And Management Strategies Tourism Essay The purpose and objective of this report is to look into the business and management strategies of Singapore Airlines. Thing that I will be looking into would be the different challenges and threats that Singapore Airline face and also I will be sharing on how and what kind of strategy they used to survive and be on top of the competition. I will be using SWOT analysis to analyze Singapore Airlines strategies, to give an in-depth understanding on what are the contributing factors that helps or cripples the company. Table of Contents Introduction 3 Strategies of Singapore Airlines Service strategy 4 Human Resource Management and Marketing strategies 5 Competitive challenges faced by Singapore Airlines 6 How did Singapore Airlines outstand their challengers 7 Star alliance 7 Cargo alliance with Lufthansa 7 Cost reduction 7 Problem Singapore Airlines might face in the future 8 SWOT analyze of Singapore Airlines Strength Branding 9 Quality of services 9 Weakness 9 Opportunity 10 Threat 10 Analysis of SWOT 10 Recommendation/conclusion for the report 11 References 12 Introduction A brief introduction to Singapore Airlines on how it is form and what difficulties the company faced at first. Singapore Airlines was found in 1947 with Malaysian Airlines (known as Malayan at that time), it was a joint venture between the Malaysia and Singapore government, placing their service mainly in the South East Asia region. Singapore Airlines is considered one of the worlds best airlines travelling up to 93 destinations and 38 countries. After Singapore Separated from Malaysia in 1965 and both governments coincide to set up different airlines. Thus, Singapore Airlines was born in 1972. Different from most other airlines, Singapore Airlines was at a disadvantage position as compared to them. What causes this is because it is due to that Singapore Airline is not given the choice of domestic routes to serve, as Singapore itself it too small, so Singapore Airlines is force to compete with international airlines for routes the moment it starts its business. The things to compete for are like getting access to terminals, securing flights slots and landing rights, and also trying to draw in a new customer base. Not like most state-owned entities, Singapore Airlines was force into to massive competition from the start of its business. Using this as motivational factor, it led and brings Singapore Airlines competitive spirit to an incomparable level and also the dedication to make a good branding of Singapore Airline be better than every service sector. These factors have stayed within the company acting as the core and since then, it has shown to serve the airline very wel l, allowing them to overcome any challenges. It was shown that Singapore Airlines earned a profit of $253 million in April to June 2010. This was a complete change of $560 million from the loss of $307 million recorded in the same quarter a year ago. [1] Strategies Singapore Airlines used to achieve success Service Strategies Singapore Airlines is known as one of the greatest and popular brands in the international business world. Singapore Airlines is also well respected as an airline that capable of providing one of the best flight services in the world. They are not only well known for its brand but also on its service quality, beating other famous airlines such as Fly Emirates, Qantas and British Airlines The first aspect that I would share on is about the service process. This is a factor which has always has been presenting at its best by the entire cabin crew for the passengers up till present. The service is being personified in the Singapore girl figure, which is the air stewardess of the airline. The Singapore girl consistent visual advertising slogan applied to depictions of stewardesses of Singapore Airlines dressed in distinctive our Malay ethnic costume sarong Kebaya. This has been representing as the icon of the service guarantee and the exciting and unforgettable flight experience. Secondly, what contributes to the Singapore airlines glory is their strategy where they are always keeping the innovative edge particularly on the in-flight services. The Singapore airlines is the first airlines that brings in the personal system of the entertainment system and video on-demand for every seat. It is called the Krisworld. Apart from that, they are also the first airlines who introduce the seat configuration that brings maximum comfort to the passengers. Recently, they also introduce the first suite class in the commercial airlines which is the A380, a class that designed exactly as the five star hotel room, completed with the private compartment which also brings the comfort level even higher. Thirdly, Singapore airlines consistently use new airplanes for one purpose. It is to enable a lower cost of operational as it is cheaper and more efficient to maintain younger airplanes as compared to older airplanes. This helps in cutting down the cost for Singapore airlines in the financial aspect. Using those three strategies point, the excellent service, the continuity innovation, and the technology superiority, this is why Singapore Airlines is always remaining as one of the best airlines. Human Resource Management and Marketing Strategies   The Singapore airlines make use of a Human resource management policy where productivity is closely related with motivational policies for employees to provide better service and productivity. It is to say that higher income particular are more likely than lower income particular to report them at higher sense of satisfaction. This practice is found in Singapore airlines where human resource management in Singapore airlines approaches viewing performance management as to further improve the particular performance through assessing past performance and rewarding them in purely financial terms. The most important and different marking strategy exploited by Singapore Airlines is based on their quality of image and service of Singapore girl. The Singapore Girl is essential part of this brand image. One of the Singapore Girl core value is having the mindset of approachable customer orientated staff delivering better quality of customer service. This has become the most important competitive advantage for Singapore Airlines, because Singapore Girls can be considered as the frontline behind the success of the achievement. In order to retain its customers, staff trainings and development programs have been implied to the employees. To ensure the professional service amongst employees, they also have to attend language courses and attitudinal programmes. Global customers are high due to the awareness of the Singapore Girl image. The effective marketing strategy helped Singapore airlines to reduce their cost pressures in order for them to compete in the airline industry through value adding targeted market division. Using the Singapore Girl as an icon for Singapore airlines has boost Singapore Airlines competitive position in the industry. Competitive challenges faced by the Singapore airline Airline industry has seen many changes and competition are stronger and fiercer than ever. Ranging from business and economic class flights to low-cost flights and the coupled with economic downturn, the competition between the airline industry is remarkably high. Some of the low-cost flights operators such as Ryanair, an Irish low-cost airline, are more flexible in responding to increase the cost pressure on profitability which set a threat to Singapore airline operations and growing. Singapore airlines acted to these pressures and thus invested in newer technology in order to maintain its cost levels while trying to not sacrifice any customer service quality in order to achieve profitability. One concern caused at this stage in considering changing the consumer behaviour and attitudes towards flying in Singapore Airlines are related to what extent Singapore Airlines will be able to preserve and enhance its brand image of customer service. Continuous cost pressure such as increased in fuel prices as well as operational costs related to enhanced security will continue to be a challenge for Singapore airlines in preserving profitability in competing with budget operators. If budget operators to date have been either locally or regionally based should operators like Ryanair by expanding to provide international journeys, this will create huge threat to Singapore airlines in terms of competition for long-haul passengers. Due to the economic downturn, consumers are leaning towards the area of low pricing of low-cost flights. Some notable competitors that Singapore Airlines are facing would be Cathay Pacific, Ryanair and the Malaysian Airlines. How did Singapore airline outstand their competitors? Singapore airlines increased its network via code-sharing with members of Star alliance marketing partnership including Lufthansa and united airlines. Code-sharing allows airlines to sell tickets on one anothers flight and this will offer service to additional destinations. Star Alliance: Partnership with star alliance allows Singapore airline to develop and improve operations, facilitates and processes and able to provide access to new capabilities as well as new knowledge and new technologies. The major airline part of star alliance marketing partnership which includes Lufthansa, united airlines, Thai airways and Singapore airlines. These legal agreement linkages are designed to meet the different needs for expanding worldwide through marketing linkages, without acquiring the costs involved in major fleet investments. Cargo alliance with Lufthansa: Partnership between Scandinavian Airliness cargo, Lufthansa and Singapore Airlines where this operation marketed under the brand name WOW. Expands are made including the carriers services as well as information technology and cargo handling. This alliance will help both airlines to expand their market to even wider area over the world where they did not have it earlier on. Cost Reduction Singapore airline has been seeing an increasing of its profit by starting new alliances with more other airlines. SIA has benefited in three ways. The first would be the success of getting the economies of scale through the joint operations of air and ground services. Secondly, scope which is through increased reach and efficient connections and lastly, the increased in traffic density through network expansion and additional traffic feed. Problems Singapore airline might face in the future Singapore airlines have an alliance with united airlines where it is now operating under bankruptcy protection. This alliance may face difficulties in the future and also have a reduction in the market share in the US sector. If something happen to the alliance, it will affect Singapore airline greatly. And there will also be bigger carriers that will be developing from each group of alliances. Big giants of the airline industry are combining and this will soon become a threat to other airlines. Lack of clear goals and objectives Singapore Airlines might also face the problem of having a partner who lack of clear goals and objective. It had faced similar problems with the American carrier delta and Swiss air, thus had to leave the tri alliance. Reasons for such failure are mainly is because of different objectives, inability to share risk and lack of trust towards the different companies. SWOT analysis of Singapore Airlines Strength Branding: Singapore airline is well known for its branding from all over the world. Singapore airline is the one that has the most profit internationally. It is the strong brand management that driven primarily by its top management. Singapore airlines brand is unique in the way that the boardroom takes commitment of leadership of the brand strategy unlike many other airlines. The Singapore Airlines keeps enhancing innovation as an important part of the brand, and the ambience and experience are key factors of their success today. Quality of service: The quality of service of Singapore airline plays a very crucial part in the strength of the company. Behind the professional performance of cabin crews, Singapore airline gives their entire cabin crew rapid trainings to maintain their high quality of service. They constantly educate their cabin crew including Singapore girl, in order to fulfil the world class airlines service standard. This is why Singapore airlines is always at the top at customer satisfaction survey about in-flight service observed by the independent institution. Weaknesses Heavy, on-going investments and high costs. Singapore airlines has dedicated itself strongly to positioning branding name and quality of services, and in order to maintain the high standard, it is of a high financial costs. By purchasing of new and young aircrafts, it proves to have a bigger fleet space and thus will create a high parking and maintenance cost. All these expenditure will be a weakness in down times. Opportunities The expansion into key aviation markets has provide Singapore airline to break through its limited space as compared to before, and this will increase market shares worldwide. Alliances, code-sharing with other aviation company increases Singapore airlines opportunity to provide better services and also to cut costs. Threats After terrorist attack on September 2001 in united state, it has been confronted with a tremendous decline in international tourism. The airline industry became more competitive in Asian region as there are more than thirty country operate around thousand of airline company. Singapore airline is one of the operating Asian region as well as in Europe and American region. This has affected the travel density for Singapore airlines. The outbreak of H1N1 is also a huge threat to Singapore airline as people are in fear of travelling overseas due to the infection rate and highly contagious nature of the virus. And to add on to the bad news and misfortune, one for our Singapore airline flight attendances is also first cabin crew to be contracted with H1N1. This has tremendously affected the airline. Analysis of SWOT Opportunities of Singapore airlines can help to overcome their weaknesses. Their weaknesses is mainly high costs and heavy, on-going investments. By having the opportunity to partnership with other companies this help to cut cost. Alliances, code-sharing with other aviation company increases Singapore airlines opportunity to provide better services and also to cut costs. Singapore airlines threat can also be overcome by the company strength which is quality of service and branding. The competitive advantage of Singapore airline has achieved sustainable competitive advantage. Singapore airlines have consistently outdo its competitors since the time it was born, and still retaining high standard and services for customers. The major factor of Singapore airlines competitive success that it managed to drive skilfully between poles that most companies think of as different. This includes delivering best service in a cost-effective way, at cost levels lower that they are comparable to budget airlines in the world. Recommendation/conclusion for the report What recommendations I have for Singapore airlines are as the following. I think that Singapore can make use of the most number of benefits by the existing alliances and equally contributing to the partners by services or other benefits. If not, Singapore airlines can also prefer to have fewer partnership in the industry and add more to the destination, more aircrafts and customer service which will make them sustain their position of being the best. I believe that they should continue working on its branding and providing excellent service which is meant to maintain customer satisfactory level, and continue having strong workforce at the expense of costs. They should maintain what they are now like their branding name and quality of service and if they were to switching to different market, this would provide risky results if their strategy fails. This will prove fatal to the company as there are also other companies that are also have established their names in the market. Through researching on Singapore airlines, it seems to me that the core of their success in the near future would be dependent on their innovativeness, this is because it has come to a point where all the airline are providing almost the same thing. Things like technology can be easily obtain by any other different companies.

Violence in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Violence in Jane Eyre    Charlotte Bronte uses violence in several scenes throughout the novel. The violence in the novel is not fatal to anyone, it is just used to catch the readers eye. This novel consists of many emotional aspects. For example, the violence in the scene where Mr. Mason gets attacked. The attack really upsets Jane and Mr. Rochester. In the novel Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte uses several acts of violence to create suspense, mystery, and characterization.    This scene is probably the best one to create the suspense of the novel. It keeps a person interested in the book and wanting to know what happens next. There is no way of knowing why this happened, who does it, or if Mr. Mason is going to live or die. That is why Charlotte Bronte used violence   to create this kind of suspense. So a person would be interested enough in the novel to keep reading. The mystery is a mystery itself, there is a secret at Thornfield and Jane can sense this. Then there is the mystery of the person who committed this act of violence. Jane suspects who it might be, but she is not for sure. To find out the mystery of the house and the person who did it a person has to solve it. Finally, there is the characterization of Bertha. From the way Rochester talks about Bertha at first she seems pretty normal, but he says how she become after they get married. She turned into someone he did not know, a crazy psychopath, mad woman. Rochester wanted to hide this from e veryone even Jane, Bertha cares for no one but herself. She does not care who she hurts, she proved this when she hurt Mr.

Love is Blind :: Essays Papers

Love is Blind Do you remember your first kiss? If you’re like most people, you would describe it as a magical occasion. Were you so certain you loved that person that you wouldn’t listen to anyone who said that you didn’t know the true feeling of love? This is what happened to Edie, the main character and narrator of Alice Munro’s â€Å"How I Met My Husband†. [."] After her first kiss, her eyes were so filled with love they didn’t see the pitfalls, twists, and turns ahead. The theme of the story is because love is blind, it can take you on a journey full of unexpected turns. Like Edie, Alice Kelling, Chris Watter’s fiancee, doesn’t recognize that her love life is falling apart. Her characterization seems of a high society type because of her nice clothes- â€Å"a pair of brown of brown [Ouch] and white checked slacks and a yellow top† (775). However, Alice is also described as being â€Å"Nothing in the least pretty or even young-looking about her†(775). Blinded by her feelings for Chris, Alice is quick to judge before she knows all the facts. For instance when she gets upset at Edie for being intimate with Chris Watters. [Frag -1] (Edie of course doesn’t realize what being intimate includes.) â€Å"Girls like you are just nothing, they’re just public conveniences, just filthy little rags† (779). To any objective observer, the lack of love would be clear when after a night out, â€Å" Chris got out of the car on one side and she got on the other and they walked off separately†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (777). Obvi ously though, Alice’s judgement was also clouded over with love’s blindness. Even though Edie and Alice were two very different people, they both succumbed to love’s blindness. Since the story is a recollection of Edie’s life, it only makes sense that she is telling the story from her point-of view as a major character. The audience learns of the narrator’s identity in the following conversation: â€Å"Would you Edie?, Heather said. I said I didn’t know† (770). [They don't know this from the title?] Because Edie is telling the story, the audience is able to gather important subjective emotions and thoughts such as how she felt when she received her first kiss â€Å"†¦those little kisses, so soft†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (778) and when the letter from Chris Watters didn’t come.

An Analysis of Language in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Albert Chinualumogu Achebe was born on November 16, 1930 to Isaiah Okafo and Janet Achebe in the very unstable country of Ogidi, Nigeria. He was exposed to missionaries early in his childhood because Ogidi was one of the first missionary centers established in Eastern Nigeria and his father was an evangelist. Yet it was not until he began to study at the University of Ibadan that Achebe discovered what he himself wanted to do. He had grown apalled to the "superficial picture" of Nigeria that many non-Nigerian authors were providing. That is when Achebe resolved to write something that viewed his country from "the inside".   (Gallagher, Susan, The Christian Century, v114, 260)  Ã‚   His first novel, Things Fall Apart, achieved exactly this.   Things Fall Apart is based on Nigeria's early experiences with the British. It is the story of an Ibo village and one of it's great men, Okonkwo, who is a very high achiever being a champion wrestler, a wealthy farmer, a husband to three wives, and a man with titles. Okonkwo's world is disrupted with the appearance of the first white man who tries to inflict his religion on the Umuofia natives. Okonkwo, a high tempered man, later kills a British employed man and eventually takes his own life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Achebe himself once said, "Language is a weapon and we use it, and there's no point in   fighting it." ( Gallagher, The Christian Century, v114, 260)   These are words that Achebe lives by. He stood by this statement throughout his entire career with a language style that would change African literature. was no exception. He accomplished his goal by writing about his own culture and his own family in a poetic, proverbic style.   Ã‚   The unique language style of Things Fall Apart not only changed Achebe's career, but it also changed his country. Achebe himself once said, " Art is, and always was, at the service of man. Our ancestors created their myths and told their stories for a human purpose. Any good story, any good novel, should have a message, should have a purpose." Achebe used the "weapon" of language to convince "outsiders" that Nigeria is a nation with great potential.

Student Calculator Use The Need For Limitations Education Essay

Math is an built-in portion of life. Worlds can non travel through life without utilizing math in some form or signifier, whether it is numbering money to pay the dinner measure, adding up the sum of money collected in a fundraiser or ciphering beforehand equations as a atomic applied scientist. Calculators have besides become an built-in portion of life. Calculator usage in schools has been a footing for argument for about 40 old ages. Calculators can profit or function as crutches for society. They prove good in rushing up computations when paying measures and taking trials. However, they can besides be a hinderance. Peoples frequently become so dependent on reckoners that they begin to lose the ability to execute simple mathematical equations such as 15 times three peers 45. Students are affected by reckoner usage to a higher grade than anyone else because they are in categories where they are required to cipher, job solve, and analyze every twenty-four hours. Calculators can be h elpful ; nevertheless, the usage of reckoners, by pupils in all classs, should be limited. Overexploitation of reckoners frequently leads to student loss of assurance in mathematical accomplishments and abilities, a misinterpretation of the function and map of the reckoner, and overdependence on reckoners as tools merely. Many pupils and grownups, including instructors, believe extended usage of reckoners should be a demand in mathematics categories. Several provinces, including North Carolina, now require the usage of charting reckoners in the course of study and on province trials while others allow, but do non necessitate reckoner usage. Dion et Al. showed that over â€Å" aˆÂ ¦95 % of schools surveyed allowed or needed reckoners in their Algebra I classes, 98 % allowed or needed reckoners in their Geometry categories, 99 % allowed or needed reckoners in Algebra II and 99.9 % allowed or needed reckoners in their Pre-Calculus/Trigonometry categories † ( 429 ) . Many instructors allow pupils to hold unlimited usage of reckoners in their schoolrooms and believe that pupil reckoner usage makes larning mathematics more interesting to pupils ( Brown et al. 106 ) . These facts reflect the positions of many sing the demand for consistent reckoner usage in the schoolroom, nevertheless, the argum ent furies on. Even though many pupils, instructors and parents argue that there should be reckoner usage in the schoolroom, they agree that usage should be limited to some extent. What they do non cognize, is where to pull the line. The changeless usage of reckoners present many possible jobs in larning experiences, including but non limited to dependence, overexploitation, and the procedure of forcing buttons instead than executing mathematical calculations. Most pedagogues concede that reckoner usage should be accompanied by direction, mold and pattern. As a hereafter mathematics instructor, I consider reckoners to be effectual when introduced and implemented decently in the schoolroom. A combination of direction with reckoner usage promotes more effectual and efficient applications of mathematical schemes and processs by pupils. Ineke Imbo et Al. researched different math jobs and persons to see how elements like job size, operations, gender, pattern, accomplishment, and reckoner usage influence simple arithmetic public presentation. It was found that â€Å" procedural schemes were performed faster when job size was smaller, arithmetic accomplishment was higher, and reckoner usage was less frequent ( Imbo et al. 458 ) . This substantiates the demand for restricting the usage of reckoners by pupils. Subjects in the research of Imbo et Al. were studied in footings of choosing and put to deathing retrieval ( what is known ) and procedural ( the procedure of working jobs out ) schemes on an arithmetic accomplishments undertaking, trial, and questionnaire. â€Å" Students who used reckoners often showed low retrieval and procedural efficiency degree but did non differ in scheme choices ( Imbo et al. 459 ) . The consequences showed that pupils frequently selected good schemes for job resolution but the pick of s cheme did non ever produce effectual or efficient processs or procedures for work outing jobs, and the figure of processs identified in making math is limited by reckoner usage. Imbo et Al. related frequent reckoner usage to hapless arithmetic public presentation for both immature kids and grownups in this research ( 460 ) . This hapless arithmetic public presentation, enhanced by frequent reckoner usage, frequently prefaces mathematically related assurance issues in pupils. Many pupils struggle with math and develop a disfavor for it because they lack assurance in their mathematical accomplishments. Unlimited usage of reckoners often helps construct a feeling of insufficiency or give pupils a false sense of assurance ( Porchea 118 ) . Calculators are non meant to, and can non, work out all math jobs in schoolrooms despite the fact that many people think so. Dion et Al. reported in her surveies that â€Å" few points on the instructors ‘ tests really required reckoners to work out † the jobs ( 433 ) . Since trials do non reflect the demand for reckoner usage, it is degrading to presume pupils need reckoners in order to execute mathematical operations. This degradation of ability lessens the assurance degrees of pupils in mathematical operations. Lack of assurance mathematically is compounded by assurance issues in executing computations with reckoners. Research besides shows that pupils are frequently uncomfortable utilizing reckoners. Berry and Graham analyzed pupils ‘ key strokes on reckoners as they took trials ( 143 ) . They found that pupils did non â€Å" create strategies or ways of working that incorporated the reckoner † ( Berry and Graham 143 ) . Even though there were jobs on the trials that required certain types of computations within the ability of the reckoner, cardinal shot analysis showed â€Å" virtually no grounds of these being done on the artworks reckoners † ( Berry and Graham 143 ) . When pupils were interviewed and asked about this they replied that â€Å" while they knew how to utilize the reckoner to transport out statistical trials, they did non experience wholly confident in making this † ( Berry and Graham 143 ) . Berry and Graham ‘s research discloses that pupils who lack reckoner cognition, abilities and assurance lack the same in respects to math. This has many deduct ions for instructors. Porchea ‘s survey indicated that instructors spent an copiousness of clip reassuring pupils on their usage of reckoners and supplying elaborate account refering pupils ‘ completed undertakings on the reckoner ( 50 ) . Quesada studied seven hundred and 70 pupils in college pre-calculus categories ( 206 ) . The control group survey required the usage of scientific reckoners and a regular math book. The experimental group used one type of charting reckoner and a text edition designed for charting reckoners. The experimental group scored higher on the concluding test than the control group. Consequences of the survey argued that the usage of the graphing reckoner and designed text edition facilitated apprehension, provided ability to look into replies, and saved clip. However, the pupils that used charting reckoners performed somewhat worse in the category than in old math categories ( Quesada 212 ) . Students voiced that they were concerned that while there were advantages t o graphic reckoner usage, they did non experience prepared for the following degree math class and sensed they were excessively dependent on the usage of reckoners in category. This demonstrates pupils ‘ deficiency of assurance in reckoner applications and their abilities to calculate mathematical jobs, even when having direction on reckoner usage and integrating of reckoner accomplishments in categories. Students must larn to utilize reckoners to the fullest extent to profit from the engineering. The Theory of Instrumentation, introduced by Berry and Graham, discusses reckoners as tools or instruments ( 141 ) . If, when utilizing a reckoner, pupils incorporate techniques to work out jobs the reckoner becomes a tool utilised to finish a undertaking. When a â€Å" strategy † or program is constructed by pupils while utilizing the reckoner, it evolves into an instrument ( Berry and Graham 1044 ) . The difference between pupils utilizing a reckoner as an instrument or tool shows whether they understand the capablenesss of the reckoner. They use this cognition to program and strategize a solution to a job ( instrument usage ) or they may be calculator smart and know all of the right buttons to force to acquire an reply ( usage as a tool ) . When pupils are utilizing the reckoner as an instrument they are making a solution to a job. Students frequently view calculator actions to be wholly separate from mathematical calculation and job resolution. Most pupils use reckoners as tools. Teachers should anticipate and demand reckoner usage as an instrument in their schoolrooms. When reckoners are used as instruments, pupils demonstrate cognition of how the reckoner works and what it can make. Berry and Graham studied 12 pupils as they worked on a set of two undertakings and found, through their key strokes, â€Å" that the pupils were excessively reliant on the reckoner without cognizing many of the anomalousnesss it may bring on † ( 146 ) . No strategy or program was evidenced by their key strokes, because the pupils did non make ways of working that incorporated the usage of the reckoner as an instrument ( Berry and Graham 142 ) . Students utilized the reckoner as a tool to happen an reply, non as an instrument to invent a program to work out a job. In Berry and Graham ‘s surveies, usage of the reckoners as tools impacted the pupils, but unluckily pupil cognition and understanding ne'er impacted how the reckoners were used ( 142 ) . Datas from McCulloch provides grounds that many pupils perceive the graphing reckoner to be a â€Å" tool that is of import because of its ability to decrease the thought involved in work outing a job † ( 43 ) , and they besides consider reckoners to be efficient tools in work outing jobs rapidly ( McCulloch 87 ) . The usage of a reckoner offers pupils a assortment of powerful new acquisition and job resolution schemes, but as a tool, it diminishes the demand for the pupil to get a high grade of accomplishment in symbol use ( Katsberg and Leatham 29 ) . Students must be knowing about reckoners to utilize them as instruments to happen ways to work out mathematical jobs. Whether reckoners are used by pupils as tools or instruments, they are merely every bit smart as their users and can merely execute operations when manipulated to make so. Therefore, pupils must understand the function and maps of the reckoners to utilize them efficaciously and expeditiously. The deficiency of cognition about the maps and problem-solving techniques of reckoners frequently consequences in pupil abuse and mistakes. While pupils know the basic procedures of reckoners, they are non cognizant of the particular maps, keys, and characteristics reckoners have, or the function of these in the usage of the reckoner to work out jobs. Students rarely go beyond the functionality of the reckoner to research the potency or restraints of the engineering. Berry and Graham revealed that pupils in their instance surveies were incognizant of many of the characteristics of the reckoners even though they had entree to and used reckoners every twenty-four hours in category. The pupils besi des made errors that would non hold been made without the usage of a reckoner. The advanced operations of reckoners, such as screen size and trigonometric maps, were ne'er explored by the topics in the surveies of Katsberg and Leathman ( 27 ) . For illustration, the pupils were required to chart a map and because they did non cognize to alter the screen size of the reckoner they graphed the incorrect map as their reply. They knew what the map should look like but because the reckoner showed them otherwise, they assumed the reckoner was right. If they had a on the job cognition of the maps of the reckoner, the pupils would hold known to alter the screen size. If they would hold graphed the map by manus, they would hold realized their error. In Katsberg and Leathman ‘s research, charting reckoners were found to be used predominately to look into algebraic solutions, find solutions diagrammatically, and to chart maps. When pupils understand the function and maps of reckoners, the y are comfy utilizing scheme and applications to work out mathematical jobs. Katsberg and Leatham ‘s research besides indicates that pupils become baffled and overwhelmed as they attempt to incorporate their cognition of mathematics with their developing apprehension and usage of a reckoner ( 28 ) . Brown et al. indicated through their research that instructors of high mathematics classs worry that reckoner usage by pupils may be a manner of acquiring replies without understanding mathematical procedures ( 102 ) . The bulk of the clip pupils do non utilize old cognition to work out jobs utilizing the reckoner. â€Å" When utilizing a in writing reckoner the pupils seemed to hold forgotten what they learned when they foremost started out plotting graphs † ( Berry and Graham 146 ) . There is a broad graduated table difference in the ability to work out a job utilizing a reckoner and the application of cognition and accomplishment to work out mathematical jobs through critical thought and reckoner applications. Berry and Graham found, through the keystroke research, that pupils frequently adopted a button pressing experimental scheme to work out jobs alternatively of understanding the procedure ( 147 ) . Dion et Al. reinforced this by reasoning that â€Å" The debut of reckoners into the course of study needfully invites pupils to larn keystroke instead than constructs † ( 433 ) . It is of import to separate between reckoner proficiency and the mathematical ability of pupils. The demand for pupils to regularly write down their work and reflect, instead than merely acquire the reply to a job, stems from this deficiency of pupil understanding in what a reckoner can make and how it is used. Quesada et Al. observed that pupils tend to automatically get down to seek to diagrammatically work out jobs alternatively of work outing them algebraically when reckoner usage is allowed in categories ( 213 ) . Students who were interviewed in McCulloch ‘s instance surveies indicated that â₠¬Å" reckoner usage is a security cyberspace sort of thing † supplying a opportunity to plug- in Numberss to happen replies when needed ( 2 ) . What follows is a false sense of security sing mathematical abilities and accomplishments. Calculator usage does non guarantee that a pupil is mathematically adept merely like the ability to make math does non bespeak strength in reckoner accomplishments My experience traveling through school supports my statement that reckoner usage in schools should be limited. Throughout my in-between school old ages we were allowed to utilize a TI-15 trade name reckoner. Slightly more advanced than a scientific reckoner, it allows for calculating and simplifying fractions and utilizing per centum marks. We seldom used them in category or on prep assignments. Due to the limited usage of the reckoners in in-between school, my Algebra I category during my first-year twelvemonth of high school was a zephyr. However, as a ten percent class high school pupil, TI-83 reckoners were required. TI-83 ‘s, available in every schoolroom, were used every twenty-four hours from that point frontward in my high school calling. Access to a reckoner at all times, fostered a dependance on utilizing it for a good sum of the work I did. When I arrived at North Carolina State University I was shocked that I was non allowed to utilize a reckoner in my math categori es. During my Calculus I category last semester, reckoner usage was non allowed in category at all, for any ground. Limited reckoner usage has continued this semester in my Calculus II category. I frequently find myself holding to re-study certain facets of mathematics because I became so dependent on my reckoner in high school. It was, and is non, an easy thing to make. College math professors move through stuff rapidly and supply small review clip in category. More research should be done to accurately show how reckoner usage in schools is impacting pupils, separately and as a whole, from the clip of passage from in-between school to high school and through graduation from high school. Calculator usage should be limited due to the many jobs pupils face when utilizing them. Even with the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction ‘s authorization of reckoner usage in the schoolrooms, limited usage could be easy implemented. Teachers could delegate reckoner inactive prep and force pupils to demo all of their work. Another option would be to do assigned trials calculator inactive but allow clip for pupils to utilize the reckoner to look into their work one time they have finished the trial. Students might besides be required to demo all of their work on trials and quizzes with the reckoner available to them for usage. Restrictions could be set on reckoner usage by non leting the reckoners when pupils are larning new stuff. Checking work with the reckoner after quizzes, where reckoner usage is prohibited, might supply a great teaching minute as pupils begin to larn how they can look into their work or execute these undertakings accurately on the reckoner whi le reflecting on the completed work. The usage of a reckoner can do negative effects, but is non normally harmful until pupils become dependent and think they can non carry through mathematical undertakings and trials without them. If instructors do non necessitate pupils to demo their work on a regular basis, so they can non claim command of accomplishments in mathematics. Besides, instructors can non anticipate their pupils to claim command of mathematical accomplishments. With the restrictions above, or if instructors design their ain originative restrictions, the pupils ‘ mathematical ability will be even greater than what it is presently. It can non ache to restrict the usage of reckoners ; it will merely assist better college-bound pupils ‘ accomplishments as they enter college. It will besides increase the cognition and mathematical accomplishments and abilities of those who are graduating and traveling into the military or work force. This would break advance the ends of high schools, to fix and educ ate skilled, globally cognizant, and â€Å" future ready † pupils for tomorrow. Calculator usage in schools should be limited to better guarantee that pupils possess command of accomplishments without dependance on beginnings other than themselves in readying for the present and future.